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Today, we are faced with difficult situations regarding the provision of universal food.
From the economic-financial analysis, it is calculated that the net income from the sale of wheat production of one ha in plain areas where the yield goes from 65-70 kv/ha is high. From the sale of wheat production at a price of 50 ALL/kg, we realize an income of up to 350,000 ALL.
1. Cultural values
Cereals, or cereals as they are called today all over the globe, are presented with a very high advantage, both in economic, cultural, dietary and even strategic terms.
In this group of plants, the wheat species is superior, not only in terms of the area planted, but also in terms of high bio-genetic diversity, productive level and chemical-technological qualities. It is considered the primary “magical” plant among the four species that man exercises his activity.
Even in the holy books, it is called not only as a nutritious plant but also a blessing from God and used in every mystical-religious ceremony.
Today, over 80% of the world’s population feeds on wheat and its by-products, significantly displacing rice. The daily use of wheat in food rations is strongly “kicking” the myopia syndrome, especially in the peoples of the Asian and African continents.
Considering the planting area, the evolution of the production of this plant has been amazing compared to other plants of this group. This, thanks to human attention to genetic improvement and its agrotechnics.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the yield on a global scale did not exceed 8.6 kv/ha. After 30 years, it increased by 4-5 kv/ha and at the end of 1990, the yield exceeded 30 kv/ha. Today, there are entire regions where 90 kv/ha of grain production is realized.
Even our country is included in the regions with the highest yield growth indices: where from 7 kv/ha before 1940, in 1990 the yield reached 35 kv/ha.
2. Dietary value
Wheat is the plant species with the largest planted area on the globe, approximately 250 million ha. There is no “piece of land” that this plant does not “occupy”, starting from Africa, America, Asia, Europe and up to Australia and New Zealand.
The majority of the world’s population is fed with wheat, thanks to the high dietary values that the wheat grain possesses and specifically; protein up to 13%, carbohydrates 65-70%, mineral salts 1.5-2%, lipids 1.6-2% and cellulose 2-2.5%.
The very fact that this plant was cultivated around 8000 years BC in the fertile regions of Mesopotamia, Turkey and Palestine clearly shows the strength and vitality in human health.
Wheat grains have the property of being stored for a long time, without much expenditure and processing processes, guaranteeing both agronomic and chemical-technological values.
The anatomical-morphological and physico-chemical structure of the grain of wheat helps all processors and technologists in their economic-financial activity, not to mention the production of ethanol and malt for beer production.
The high level of protein in the grain gives value to the production of bread, pastries for the production of typical assortments such as pasta, noodles, bulgur and other types of pasta dishes.
Bread made from wheat with a high protein and gluten content has high protein values.
From wheat germ, the food industry produces very healthy vegetable oils with high values of unsaturated fatty acids. The bread production industry benefits from a high range of high-quality bread, especially in terms of bread volume.
Porous bread with a larger volume is obtained from quality flour, which is stored for a longer time after baking, without crumbling during cutting.
In addition to the genetic factor, the quality of the grain of wheat is influenced by the environmental conditions and the level of applied agrotechnics. Our country is included in the geographical regions with optimal solar illumination for plant cultivation. The presence of solar energy, after the grain is formed until ripening, affects the increase of the protein level, giving the grain a glassy appearance.
But also the care during cultivation has its own value in increasing the production and technological improvement of the grain. Cultivators should pay special attention to nitrogen fertilization, which directly affects this parameter.
3. Economic value
Wheat, unlike other plants, has the ability to adapt to a very wide and diverse range of environments.
It can be cultivated up to 1500 m above sea level. In our country it is cultivated up to 1300 m above sea level. Since its requirements, especially for water, are less than other vegetable and industrial plants, it occupies soils not preferred for intensive plants.
Today, we are faced with difficult situations regarding the provision of universal food. From the economic-financial analysis, it is calculated that the net income from the sale of wheat production of one ha in plain areas where the yield goes from 65-70 kv/ha is high.
From the sale of wheat production at a price of 50 ALL/kg, we realize an income of up to 350,000 ALL. From the cost analysis, the expenses for this activity are calculated as follows:
1.Material expenses (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides) – 58,000 ALL
2.Mechanical expenses – 38,000 ALL
3.Other expenses – 2000 ALL
Total expenses – 98,000 ALL.
The net profit from this activity is calculated from the difference between income and expenses, which is specifically 252,000 ALL.
The cost of production from this activity for one kg of wheat is 14 ALL/kg. If the production of wheat will be subjected to the technological process of milling, i.e. the production of flour with a radius of 70%, then we would obtain 4900 kg of flour.
Based on the market price of flour today, the monetary income from the sale of flour will reach the value of 343,000 ALL.
In the variant of flour production, the profit will be increased from the sale of wheat, where today, with the price of 30 ALL/kg, the grower will receive a monetary income of 63,000 ALL.
In total, the farmer’s net profit from the milling variant will reach 308,000 ALL.
This economic-financial reasoning also applies to growers in hilly areas, but with smaller profits, while these types of land in hilly areas are not very suitable for vegetable and intensive crops.
By not leaving plots of land unplanted, we protect the soil from the destructive phenomenon of erosion, but at the same time we improve the mechanical structure of the soil, increase fertility and return the lands more suitable for other agricultural crops with higher fertility requirements./ Monitor
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